Snapshot: Carbon stores

Adjustment of stores of carbon dioxide during voluntary hyperventilation.

Carbon dioxide is stored in the body in various forms, including carbonic acid, bicarbonate and carbamino compounds. The various stores of CO2 can be considered to be in the lung, blood, soft tissues and bone. In an adult human, these stores are thought to be in the order of 120 liters of CO2.’ It is common knowledge that hyperventilation will reduce the level of CO2 in the blood; however, only...

Quantifying carbon stores and decomposition in dead wood: A review

The amount and dynamics of forest dead wood (both standing and downed) has been quantified by a variety of approaches throughout the forest science and ecology literature. Differences in the sampling and quantification of dead wood can lead to differences in our understanding of forests and their role in the sequestration and emissions of CO2, as well as in developing appropriate strategies for...

SnapShot: melanoma.

SnapShot: Macroautophagy

(Middle) Cellular Events in Macroautophagy Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a catabolic process in which portions of the cytoplasm are sequestered within double-or multimembraned vesicles termed autophagosomes and then delivered to lysosomes for bulk degradation. The initial phases of macroautophagy consist of the formation of a phago-phore, which is also called an isolati...

SnapShot: Formins

See online version for legend and references. Autosomal-dominant nonsyndromic deafness (DFNA1), myeloproliferative defects, defects in T lymphocyte traffi cking and proliferation, tumor cell invasion, defects in natural killer lymphocyte function DIAPH2 (mDia3) Cdc42 Kinetochore Stable microtubule attachment to kinetochore for chromosome alignment Premature ovarian failure DIAPH3 (mDia2) Increa...